Fuel-oil-burning apparatus



March 10, 1925- 1,529,153 .77 JZ'BEATTIE, JR FUEL OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed Aug. l 1924 Invcrizbr Jbhn Jr.

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Patentecl Mar. 10, 1925.

UNITED STATES,

JOHN IBEATTIE, .13., or FALL IV R, MASSACHUSETTS.

FUEL-OIIJ-BURNING APPARATUS.

' Application filed August 1, 1924. Serial No. 729,468.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BEATTIE, Jr., citizen of the United States, residing at Fall River, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in FuelOil-Burning Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is embodied in a fuel oil burning apparatus which includes an oil pumping, atomizing and projecting means organized to constitute what I call an aspirating, atomizing, pumping element, comprising a jet-emitting nozzle, an oil nozzle in fixed relation to the emitting nozzle, the discharge end of the oil nozzle being in the path of a jet emitted by the emitting nozzle and spaced from the latter, means being provided for admitting a gaseous fluid under pressure to the emitting nozzle and for maintaining oil in the oil nozzle at a point below its discharge end, the arrangement being such that oil is prevented from flowing by gravity from the oil nozzle and is raised therein, atomized by the jet from the emitting nozzle, and projected therewith from the oil nozzle to the field of combustion, the supply of gaseous fluid being regulable, so that its volume determines the relative'proportions of the said fluid and the atomized oil, the emission of oil from the oil nozzle being dependent on the presence'of a jet from the emitting nozzle, so that the 'oil' sup ply ceases with the'cessation of the jet.

The preferred form of the invention includes two aspirating nozzles in tandem order, one being the jet-emitting nozzle and the other a steam nozzle aligned therewith and separated therefrom by a vacuum chamber, said nozzles and chamber constituting elements of an aspirator adapted to induce a flow of air which is utilized to pump oil from a supply-tank to a vacuum tanliand.

deliver it to a leveling tank communicating with the oil nozzle. The leveling tankis adapted to maintain oi1.at a predetermined level below the discharge end of the oil noz-' zle, so that oil is withdrawn from the oil nozzle only by the pumping action'of the emitted jet, this action atomizing the oil. The jet passing away from the oil nozzle is a mixture mainly of steam and atomized oil, and draws air with it into the field of combustion to complete a combustible mixture now consisting of steam, atomized oil and am The jet-emittingnozzle is so spaced from the oil nozzle that the temperature of the steam is reduced at the discharge end of the oil nozzle sufliciently to prevent a deposit of coke on the latter. The steam supply is regulable and theregulat'ion thereof determines the'quantity of steam, oil and air in. the combustible mixture, the relative pro-- portions'of'theingredients being the same under all regulations of the-steam supply.

Of the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification,

Figure 1 shows diagrammatically and in elevation an oilburning apparatus embodying the invention.

Figure 2 shows in section and scale the aspirating, atomizing, pumpingelement.

on a larger The same reference characters indicate the 7 same parts in all of the figures.

The aspirating, atomizing and pumping element shown by Figure .2 includesa fixed: holding structure which may beof any suitable form'and construction-and may include; I

any desired number of parts, In this in? stance, the holding structure is supported by a bracket 13 fixed to the wall of a fire box," the arrangement being such that-the combustible jet produced as hereinafter described maybe projected intoa Ventu'ri tube 14 of refractory material extending into the fire box, a pilot burner being provided at 15 adapted to' ignite the jet within the T tube. The said element also includes a'jet-emitting nozzle 16 and an oil'nozzle 17 both fixed to the holding structure. of the oil nozzle is in the path-of a jet emitted by the nozzle 16 and is spaced from the latter so that when the emitted jet includes steam, thetemperature of the jet is so reduced by the expansion of the steam at the point-where it'passes over the oil nozzle that there is no formation of carbon on'or in the oil nozzle. The element shown by Figure' Q includes a steam nozzle 18 in alignment with the 'emitting'nozzle 16 and separatedfrom the adjacent ends of the nozzles and surrounding the discharge end of the steam nozzle. The nozzles 16, and'18 and the vacuum chamber are members of an aspirator.

Steam is admitted to the intakeend of the The discharge end 100 the latter by a vacuum chamber l9 between i duced by steam projected by the steam nozzle 18 into the emitting nozzle 16, for the purpose hereinafter described.

I provide means for normally maintaininga body of oil with its surface level below the dischargeend of the oil nozzle, and for preventing a gravity flowgogt .oil from the discharge end of the oil nozzle, the

normal oil level being maintained at a suitable distance below said discharge end to permit theraising or upward pumping of the oil by the suction caused by. the emitted jet crossing the discharge end of the oil nozzl e. A suitable oil level 'is' indicated by the d-otted line 25 Figure l. The organizati-on and arrangement such that oil is prevented from flowing by gravityfrom the oil nozzle, and that oil is raised in and caused to exude from the oil nozzle only by a jet emitted bv the nozzle 16. The

raised oil is atomized? by the jet, which'in. passing away from the oil nozzle is composed mainly of steam: and atomized oil, and is projected from the 011 nozzle to the field of combustion where an is drawn into combination with the steam and oil to com.

plete a combustible mixture. hen the jet from the nozzlel6 ceases, the emissionof oil from the oil nozzle also ceases.

, The induced flow of air into the vacuum chamber 19 is utilized in the preferred embodiment ofthe invention here shown to pump oil from a supply tank 2.6 and deliver the same to a leveling tank 27. To this end i the air conduit 22 is connected with a vacuum tank 28 which may be the well known Stewartvacuum tank, and is located above the levelingtank 27 and connected with the latter by a conduit 29, the arrangement being such that a gravity flow of .oil from the vacuum tank to the leveling tank is permitted. The vacuum tank 28 is connected with the storage tank 26 by at conduit 30."

A conduit 31 connects the leveling tank 27 with a conduit 24 in the supporting structure 12 located below the oil nozzle, the latter projecting upward so that, its discharge end is above the normal oil level. The leveling tank is provided with means, such as a float valve 32, adapted to prevent the rise of oil in the leveling tank and in the 1 conduit 24 above the predetermined :no-rma l level. Airisdrawn from the vacuum tank through the air conduit 22 when the apparatus is in operation. A partial vacuum, sufiicient to pump oil from the storage tank 26,, is thus created in the vacuum tank, the soil being admitted to the leveling tank tothe extent permitted by the-float valve 32.

The following are some of the novel and useful features characterizingthedescribed embodiment of myinvention.

The apparatus is fool 'proo-f because the proportions of the o-il,.air and steam mpr sing the combustible jet ar ante,

matically determined by the regulation of the steam supply by the operator, the relative proportions being the same whatever the steam regulation may be, and no regulation of the oil supply alone being possible by the operator. i

The capacity of the pumping apparatus has a wide range, from a very small amount of oil to the largest amount that will pass through the bore of the oil nozzle. For example, from two pounds to, twelve. pounds of oil per hour may pass through the oil nozzle, having a bore of a given diameter,

without varying the capacity of the bore in any way. This result is obtained by varying the steam supply, this variation alone rendering the mixture at all times proper for perfect combustion and eliminating danger of an improper mixture and the liability of a serious explosion.v

The spacing of the oil nozzle from the discharge end of the emitting nozzle -16 shown by Figure 2 enables, the oil tobe consumed without cloggingv the oil nozzle,

because the oil temperature is never raised at the oil outlet sufiicien tly to cause a deposit of carbon. The steam in leaving the emitting nozzle expands and is so reduced in temperature that it is not hot enough to carbonize the hydrocarbons of the oil;

The entire absence of pressure of" oil in the oil nozzle and the provision of means for preventing an overflow of oil therefrom I is a very important factor of safety, espe cially in first starting the burner, the parts being cold. 1 o 3 Fuel "oil burners, especially for domestic use, are usually operated by inexperienced persons. un t the operator to independently control It is therefore dangerous to per- LOO the oil supply and to, permit oil to flow from the oil nozzle by gravity. As above pointed out. the combustible mixture of gaseous fluid nozzle'and an oil nozzle supported by said structure; the discharge end of the oil nozzle being in the path of a jet from the emitting nozzle, a steam nozzle supported by said structure in ahnement with the emitting nozzleand'separated from the intake end of the latter byv a vacuum chamber, saidsteam and emitting nozzles and vacuum chain-herconstitu ing an, aspirator, regulatable means for admitting steam to the steam nozzle, means for admitting air to the vacuum chamber, and means for admitting oil to the oil nozzle at a point below the discharge end of the latter, the arrangement being such that steam from the steam nozzle induces a flow of air to the vacuum chamber for a useful purpose, a jet of steam is emitted from the emitting nozzle, and passes across the oil nozzle, raises oil in the oil nozzle, and atomizes the oil to form a mixture of steam and oil which is projected from the oilnozzle to the field of combustion and takes in air to complete a combustible mixture, the oil nozzle being separated from the emitting nozzle by an open air space permitting the expansion of the steam between said nozzles, so that the temperature of the steam passin across the oil nozzle is incapable of car onizing the hydrocarbons of the oil.

2. A fuel oil burning apparatus comp-rising an oil pumping, atomizing and projecting element including a supporting structure, a jet-emitting nozzle and an oil nozzle supported thereby, the discharge end of the oil nozzle being in the path of a jet from the emitting nozzle and spaced from the latter, a steam nozzle supported by said structure in alignment with the emitting nozzle and separated from the intake end of the latter by a vacuum chamber, said steam and emitting nozzles and chamber constituting an aspirator, the apparatus comprising also regulable means for admitting steam to the steam nozzle, a vacuum tank communicating with the vacuum chamber, an oil storage tank communicating with the vacuum tank, and a leveling tank communicating with the vacuum tank and with the oil nozzle and adapted to receive a gravity flow of oil from the vacuum tank, the leveling tank being provided with means for maintaining thelevel of oil below the discharge end of the oil nozzle, so that agravity flow of oil from the oil nozzle is prevented, the arrangement beingsuchthat air. is exhausted from the vacuum tank to the vacuum chamber by steam projected through said chamber by the steam nozzle, the jet emitted by the emitting nozzle passes at a reduced temperature over the oil nozzle, oil is pumped from the storage tank to the vacuumtank and flows from p the latter to the leveling tank, and oil is raised in the oil nozzle, atomized by the emitted jet to form a mixture which is projected to the field of combustion, and takes in air to complete a combustible mixture, the 7 quantity of the ingredients of saidmixture being determined by the" volume of steam, and the emission of oil from the oil nozzle ceasing with the cessation of the jet.

In testimony vwhereof I have aflixed my signature.

I JOHN BEATTIE, JR. 

